Job: “Why has such evil befallen me?”
Job is the story of a wealthy, healthy and godly man with a large family who lost everything and searched for answers as to “Why?”
Making a bet with Satan that led to the suffering of a good man doesn’t sound like something a wise and loving God would do. Because of this, some scholars want to believe that Job was not a real person and that the Book of Job was a parable, a simple tale to teach a universal truth, rather than an historical narrative.
There are several reasons to view Job as a real person and that the story is true. A parable is usually written without giving specifics with regards to people, times, place, etc. For instance, it might start with, “In a far away country, a long time ago, lived a man with his many sons.” The Book of Job is very specific. The main character was named Job, he lived in a Uz, he had seven sons. He owned seven thousand sheep, three thousand camels, five hundred yoke of oxen and five hundred donkeys, and had a large number of servants. He rode a red Honda 750
motorcycle (I made up this last item). The point is, the story is written as history, not a parable.
Another argument in favor of Job being real is the fact that he is mentioned in Scripture along with known historical figures such as Noah and Daniel.
In Ezek. 14:14 & 20, God says that if he sent a famine to the land,
verse 14, “even if these three men-Noah, Daniel and Job-were in it, they could save only themselves by their righteousness.” If you question the historicity of Job, then you also have to question the historicity of Noah and Daniel.
In the New Testament, James also speaks of Job as an historical figure.
James 5:11, “You have heard of Job’s perseverance and have seen what the Lord finally brought about. The Lord is full of compassion and mercy.”
Every other figure mentioned in the book of James is an actual, historical person, including Abraham, Rahab, and Elijah. As with Ezekiel’s reference to Job, James’ allusion makes the most sense if Job is an actual person whom we are to emulate.
Another clue that Job was a real person is the way in which he was introduced. He is introduced as other historical figures were.